1. What is Bernoulli's Principle?

Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy. The equation v = √(2P/ρ) calculates fluid velocity from pressure using this principle.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses Bernoulli's equation:

Where:

• \( v \) — Velocity in meters per second (m/s)
• \( P \) — Pressure in Pascals (Pa)
• \( \rho \) — Density in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³)

Explanation: This equation demonstrates the relationship between fluid pressure and velocity, showing how pressure energy converts to kinetic energy.

3. Importance of Velocity Calculation

Details: Calculating water velocity from pressure is essential in fluid dynamics, plumbing systems, hydraulic engineering, and various industrial applications where fluid flow needs to be analyzed and controlled.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter pressure in Pascals and density in kg/m³. For water at standard conditions, density is approximately 1000 kg/m³. All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What are typical pressure values in water systems?
A: Residential water pressure typically ranges from 275,790 to 551,580 Pascals (40-80 psi), while industrial systems may operate at higher pressures.

Q2: Why is density important in this calculation?
A: Density affects how much kinetic energy is produced from a given pressure. Different fluids with the same pressure will have different velocities due to density variations.

Q3: Can this equation be used for gases?
A: Yes, but with caution. The equation works for incompressible fluids. For gases at high velocities where compressibility becomes significant, more complex equations are needed.

Q4: What are the limitations of this equation?
A: This simplified form assumes ideal, incompressible flow without friction losses, elevation changes, or other energy losses in the system.

Q5: How accurate is this calculation for real-world applications?
A: It provides a good theoretical estimate, but real-world systems may have additional factors like pipe friction, fittings, and elevation changes that affect actual velocity.